USE OF PHYSICNUT ALKALOIDS TO CONTROL ROOT-GALL NEMATODE AND TO IMPROVE MUCILAGINOUS PROPERTY AND NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF OKRA
V. E. OGWUDIRE *
Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria.
C. M. AGU
Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria.
F. O. OJIAKO
Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria.
C. O. ECHE
Nematology Unit, Department of Crop and Environmental Protection, University of Agriculture, Makurdi (UAM), Benue, Nigeria.
K. B. EZEOBIOHA
Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria.
I. F. UMAR
Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria.
C. B. KANU
Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria.
I. C. OGBONNA
Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria.
K. J. NNADI
Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria.
E. M. NWOKEJI
Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
In the quest for a sustainable nematode control strategy, alkaloids of physic nut (Jatropha curcas) plant parts were evaluated for their nematicidal control on the root-gall nematode disease of Okra and its mucilaginous property and nutrient composition in 2019 and 2020 cropping season. The experiment was a 3×6 factorial experiments arranged in Completely Randomized Design with five replications in the screen house. Alkaloids extracted from the seeds, leaves and roots of physic nut plants were applied separately at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ml / potted okra plant inoculated with 1,200 infective (J2) larvae of M. incognita. Results showed that 5 ml of Root and Seed Alkaloids application significantly (P=0.05) reduced root-gall nematode infection to a gall index of 1 and 1.2 (rarely galled) when compared to the untreated control (4 -severely galled) plants thereby achieving more than 100 percent increase in mucilaginous property of okra over the control for both years of study. Moisture content, fat, calcium and sodium also increased more than the untreated control at 5 ml of root and seed alkaloids. Phosphorus and nitrogen contents were on the other hand rather enhanced by the infection. Neither Okra nor root-gall nematode infection affected ash, magnesium and potassium contents of the fruits. Nevertheless, bioactive active constituent of Physicnut plant parts such as root and seed alkaloids can thus be developed as eco-friendly non-synthetic nematicide for improved yield.
Keywords: Alkaloids, Jatropha curcas, mucilaginous property, nutrient composition, Okra, Physic nut, Root-gall nematode infection
How to Cite
References
FAO. Statistical data base, food and agricultural organization of the United Nations, Rome Italy; 2006.
Available:http://apps.fao.org/default.html
Bakhru HK. Foods that heal. The natural way to good health. Orient paperbacks, Delhi. 2003;82-90.
Edet GE, Etim NA. Gender role in fluted pumpkin (Telferia occidentalis) production in Akwa-Ibom State. Proceeding of the 41st Annual Conference of the Agricultural Society of Nigeria (ASU) held in Zaria, 22nd – 26th October. 2003;612-615.
Liu IM, Liou SS, Lan, TW, Hsu FL, Cheng JT. Myricetin as the active principle of Abelmoschus moschatus to lower plasma glucosein streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Planta Medica. 2005;71:617-621.
Kumar R, Patil MB, Patil SR, Paschapur MS. Evaluation of Abelmoschus esculentus mucilage as suspending agent in paracetamol suspension. International. J. Pharm Tech Res. 2009;1:658-665
Benchasri S. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) as a valuable vegetable of the world . Ratar. Povrt. 2012;49:105-112.
Gopalan C, Sastri SBV, Balasubramanian S. Nutritive value of Indian foods, National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), ICMR, India; 2007.
Varmudy V. Marking survey need to boost okra exports. Department of economics, Vivekananda College, Puttur, Karnataka, India; 2011.
Bhali DS, Lain RK. Estimation of losses in Okra, tomato and brinjal yield due to Meloidogyne incognita. Indian Journal of Nematology, 1977; 7(1):37-41.
El-Habashy DE. Effectiveness of nanoparticles of some plant extracts against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato plant. SVU-International Journal of Agricultural Sciences. South Valley University. 2022;4(3):46-57. Print ISSN 2636-3801 | Online ISSN 2636-381X
DOI: 10.21608/svuijas
El-nahhal Y. Contamination and safety status of plant food in Arab Countries. Journal of Applied Sciences. 2004; 4:411-417.
Adesiyan SO, Caveness FE, Adeniji MO, Fawole B. nematode pests of tropical crops heinemann educational books (Nig.) PLC. 2000;1-24.
Agu CM. Effect of organic manure types on root-gall nematode disease and African yam bean yield. Plant Science Research. 2008;1(1):17-19.
Ogwudire VE, Agu CM, Nwokeji EM, Ewelike NC. Alkaloids of Jatropha curcas [L] Plant Parts as Control Agent of Root-Knot Nematode Disease on Okra for Improved Yield. Asian Journal of Research in Biosciences. 2022 May 10:40-51.
Dimaandal LG. Antiseptic property of the alkaloid content from ethanol extract of Samanea Saman (Acacia) leaves. Unpublished Masters Thesis BSU, Batanges City; 2003.
Naz I, Saifullah, Khan MR. Nematicidal activity of nonacosane-10-ol and 23a-Homostigmast-5-en-3β-ol isolated from the roots of Fumaria parviflora (Fumariaceae). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2013;61(24):5689-5695.
Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf401309r. PMID: 23713689
Akingbala JO, Rooney LW, Faublon JM. A Laboratory procedure for the preparation of ogi, a Nigerian fermented food. Journal of Food Sci. 1981;46:1523-1526.
AOAC. Official methods of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists.Food Compositor, additives natural Contaminants. AdrichRc (ed.). Association of Official Analytical Chemist Inc. USA. 1990;2:15th ed.
Pearson D. Chemical analysis of food. 7 ed. J.A. Church, London, U. K.; 1976.
Agu CM, Ogbuji RO. Soybean resistance to the root-gall nematode, as influenced by Potassium nutrition. East African Agricultural Journal. 1996;66(3):273-276.
Ohazurike NC, Omuh MO, Emeribe EO, The use of seed extracts of the physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) in the control of maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamaise M.) in stored maize grains (Zea mays L.). Global Journal of Agricultural Science. 2003;2:86–88.
Agu CM, Nwagbaga AC, Uwandu CG, Onoh P, Mbuka CA, Ojiako PO, Ndulue NK, Ogwudire VE. Effect of jatropha curcas on root-gall nematode disease and the consequent proximate composition of Okra. Bionature Journal of India. 2013; 33(2):59-62.
Ahuchaogu CE, Ojiako FO, Kabeh JD. Evaluation of Jatropha curcas L. an Extracts in the control of some field insect pests of cowpea. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2014;3(3):136-141.
Ibraham ID, Muhammad I, Ashiru S, Sani I, Shehu K, Aliero AA, Aliyu RU. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of mimosa pudica plant extracts (Touch Me Not). American Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2014;2:8-16.
Agu CM, Mbuka CO, Ogwudire VE. Influence or root-gall nematode on mucilaginous property and nutrient composition of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). Bionature Journal of India. 2009;29(2):73-77.
Huber MD. The use of fertilizers and organic amendments in the control of plant disease. Handbook of Pest Management in Agriculture.Vol.1 (Pimentel. D. ed.) CRC Press, New York. 1980;357-394.
Yang H, Powell NT, Barker, KR. Interaction of concomitant species of nematodes and Fusarium oxysporiumf. sp. Vasinfectumon cotton. Journal of Nematol. 1976;8:74-80.
Jenkins WR, Malek RB. Influence of nematodes on absorption and accumulation of nutrients in Vetch. Soil Science. 1966;101:46-49.
Kirkpatrick TL, Oosterhius DM, Wullschleger SD. Interaction of Meloidogyne incognita and water stress in two cotton cultivars. J. Nematol. 1991;23:462-467.